Ecosystem Service Use and the Motivations for Use in Central Parks in Three European Cities

The majority of Europeans live in cities, where parks as components Urban Green Spaces (UGSs) play an important role well-being and the provision ecosystem services (ES). UGSs are especially relevant for implementation United Nations (UN) Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals “Good health wellbeing” (Goal 3) “Sustainable cities communities” 11). This study focused on ES use users’ motives, which were surveyed during visits at central Leipzig, Coimbra Vilnius. Park visitors used 17 different ES, dominated by physical interactions such walking or biking, followed experiential aesthetical linked to social relations. Age visitors, cultural setting distance homes influenced differently each city, limiting transferability park—user behaviour motivations across spatial contexts. Results also indicate that aligning sustainability objectives usability, good accessibility urban plays a encourages non-motorized public transport park visits. Concrete information about UGS user motivation generated this similar studies contributes convert UN strategies municipal level into user-oriented design management UGS.